Cylinder head cooling system



E. FQRUEHL CYLINliER' HEAD COOLING SYSTEM June 20, 1933,

Filed Nov. 20, 1930 s Sheets-Sheet 1 June 20, 1933. E. F. RUEHL CYLINDERHEAD COOLING SYSTEM 5 Sheets- Sheet 6 Fil ed Nov. 20, 1950 Patented June20, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFicE EB'W'IN F. BUEHL, OF PHILADELPHIA,PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- HENTS, TO BALDWIN-SOUTHWABKCORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE CYLINDER HEAD ooo me sYs'rmrApplication filed November 20, 1930. Serial No. 496,887.

This invention relates generally to improved means for cooling aninternal combustion engine such as a Diesel engine and more particularlyfor cooling the engine cylinder head so that the cooling liquid willpass tively high velocity.

Itis an object of my invention to accomplish the above and otherresults, by an improved arrangement and construction of parts which willbe conductive not only to simplicity and relatively inexpensive cost ofmanufacture but also to permitting easy and ample access to the variouscooling liquid passages involved. Certain of these features areaccomplished in one specific aspect of the invention by convertincertain structural features, which are use for manufacturing operations,into an element of the improved combination. In another aspect of theinvention an improved connecting assage arrangement is provided forpermitting flow of cooling liquid such as water or any othersuitablerniedium from the cylinder jacket to the cylinder head jacket.Specifically this improved connecting means is mounted on the outside ofthe head and is used to cover core openings in the cylinder head' formedduring castin thereof.

More speci cally another ob ect is to provide an improved nozzle ornozzles adapted to direct a jet of cooling medium against a portion ofthe cylinder head where heat tends to be localized. In the typeof enginehaving a pre-combustion chamber the nozzles direct jets of water againstthe throat of the chamber while with relatively flat cylinder heads thejets would be directed against the central ortion of the c linder head.In the preerred form of t e invention the discharge end of the nozzle isrelatively wide but the various elements are so arranged that the noz- Izle may be placed in a position by being passed through the relativelylarge openings for the reasons heretofore given. The nozzle rela elementprojects inwardly from a member which serves as a cover for the coreholes or other openings and which cover also contains the fluid passagefor connecting the cylinder acket with the cylinder head jacket.

Other objects and advantages will be seen from the following descriptionof the accom- I panying drawings ine which,

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary vertical section through the cylinder head andthe upper part of a jacketed cylinder, this section being takensubstantially on the line 1'-1of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the lines 33 of Figs. 1 and 4. i

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken substantiall on the line Le-40fFig. 3 and showingthe uel injection nozzle in elevation.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary section of the upper left hand portionof the cylinder head shown in Fig. 1 and which specifically isa sectiontaken on line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 1s a fragmentar vertical section through a cylinder and cy inderhead showing modified formof the arrangement.

1g. 7 is also a vertical section through a cylinder and cylinder headshowing a. further modification.

8 is a plan view of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a View of one of the nozzles shown in Fig. 6 looking towardthe discharge end thereof. 1

- While I have shown my im roved coolin system as applied articularly toa Diese engine of the solid uel injection t pe it will of course beunderstood that it maybe applied to any of various types of engineswhetherof the Diesel or gasoline type although it is articularly adaptedfor cooperation wit a Diesel engine of the type herein shown. The engineshown is of the type having a cast or otherwise suitably formed cylinder10 provided with a cylinder liner 11 which is secured to the cashng inany manner desired, and spaced therefrom to provide a cooling waterspace or jacket 12 a though if desired the liner 11 and cylinder 10 maybe cast as a single piece. The jacket space as is usual may entirelyencircle the liner 11 and after the water or any other suitable coolingmedium has passed upwardl around the sleeve it passes through any esirednumber of ports 13 into an annular recess 14:. To conduct cooling waterfrom the recess into the cylinder head there is provided a short nipple15 extending from said recess and terminating slightly above the uppersurface of the cylinder frame 10.

The cylinder head is formed preferably in two pieces one of which is alower member 16 having a combustion chamber 17 while the upper member 18carries valve mechanism generally indicated-at 19. Preferably, there aretwo of these valves, one for exhaust and the other for the air'inlet.The upper and lower members are securely held on top of the cylinder bya series of tie bolts 20. The lower member also carries fuel injectionnozzles generally shown at 21 for injecting fuel within the combustionchamber 17. This chamber has its walls converging to provide a reducedarea or throat 22 which communicates with the cylinder throughanenlarging space 23. Upon partial or complete combustion of fuel in thepre-combustion chamber 17, the reciprocating piston 24 will be forceddownwardly to perform its normal functions.

In this type of cylinder head the wall portion 25 adjacent the reducedarea 22 will be subjected to the maximum amount of heat and in order toeffectively cool. the same I have provided an improved cooling systemadapted to cooperate with the usual cooling water jacket space 26surrounding the walls of the combustion chamber. In order to form thiswater jacket 2. core is employed if the head is of cast metal althoughany other construction 1 .ay be used also. Any usual foundry practicemay be followed in supp orting the core if used, but in my improvedarrangement I prefer to have the core supports extend radially of thewater jacket and at any desired number of circumferentially spacedpoints to form openings 27..

In order to provide a'simplified and yet eflicient construction forclosing and utilizing these core holes or other suitable openings, Ihave providedan improved combined nozzle and cover member generallyindicated at 28. This member not only performs broadly the function ofproviding a cover for the openings 27 and a'cooling water-passage forconnecting the cylinder and cylinder head jackets but of also having itsdischarge portion 29 in the form of a nozzle terminating adjacent thereduced wall portion 25 so as to cause jets of fluid to be dischargeddirectly against the same and preferably at a point slightly below thecenter line of the throat 22. By having the nozzle terminate relativelyclose to the wall,the incoming water will not only initially engage thisportion of the cylinder head but will do so with a relatively highvelocity which of course is conducive to a high degree of heat transferand accordingly effective cooling. The nozzles as shown in Fig. 2 flareoutwardly in the direction of flow therethrough, thereby permitting eachnozzle to cover a-very appreciable portion of ,the wall 25. Thedischarge edge of the nozzles is as shown inFig. 2 either straight as at33 or curved as at 34 but in either case the end of the nozzle isbevelled as at 35 so as to lie in a plane or surface preferably parallelto the lower wall 36. The openings 27 are of course of sufficient sizeand shape to permit the flared end of the nozzles 29 to be insertedtherethrough and the nozzle and cover when properly positioned can besuitably secured to the cylinder head as by machine screws or otherdesired means whereby either during or after assembly of the cylinderand cylinder head the entrance portion of the nozzle passages 34 can bereadily axially slipped on to the nipples 15. Also, any one of thenozzles may be removed without disturbing the cylinder head merely byremoving the screws or other means for securing the cover member 28whereby it may be moved vertically a slight distance to free it of thenipple 15 whereupon the nozzle may be radially removed through theopening 27.

Upon removal of the cover, it is seen that a relatively large opening isprovided which will readily permit internal inspection or cleaning ofthe cylinder head jacket or serve for any other purpose. It also is tobe noted that the nozzles are shown specifically as four in number,although more or les s might be used as desired under particularconditions, the nozzles being arranged preferably so that as shown inFig. 2 the cooling water in discharging from the nozzles and impingingupon the wall 25 will then flow more or less directly to outlets 37disposed preferably at diametrical points. In the specific embodiment ofthe invention as illustrated, this preferred path of flow isaccomplished by the provision of two pairs of nozzles, the nozzles ofeach pairbeing disposed at an angle of less than 90 relative to eachother thereby causing a distinct tendency for the fluid to flow into thespace between each pair where the outlets 37 are located.

There are preferably two injection nozzles 21 suitably located in thecylinder head which in the specific embodiment herein illustrated are atdiametrical points and arranged to be cooled by the cooling mediumdischarged through outlets 37 Figs. 1 and 2. The feature here is also toobtain a high velocity of flow around the nozzle so as to cooleffectively the nozzle and thus prevent carbonization of the fuel. Toaccomplish this the outlets 37 communicate, Figs. 1 and 3 to 5, with apassage 38 which partially encircles the fuel nozzle 21 on its lowerside, this passage terminating in a nipple 39 preferably threaded in thecylinder head member 16. There are two of these nipples and they arelocated at points such as indicated by the dotted lines 39 Fig. 2. Thesenipples extend, Fig. 1, into suitable openings of a cooling water space40 formed in the upper member 18 of the cylinder head. The water passage40 extends around and between'the valves 19 and out to a dischargenipple 41. A high flow velocity is obtained through the cooling passages38 due to the cross sectional area thereof being relatively small incomparison to that of the cooling water jacket 26.

In the modification shown in Figs. 6 and 9 alone piece cylinder head isprovided with injection nozzles 46 supported at their outer ends in amember 47 which covers a'relatively large opening 48. The cylinder headcombustion chamber and thecooling Water acket therefor is generallysimilar to that shown in the preferred form but the cooling waternozzles 49 each comprise a curved pipe having its discharge endflattened as at 50 Fig. 9 thereby to provide a slightly flaring nozzle.The upper curved portion of the pipe may be suitably vented by a smallport to prevent an air pocket. The outlet of this nozzle, like theoutlet of the preferred form of nozzle 29, lies in a plane preferablyparallel to the surface 51. These nozzles are supported in suitableopenings which communicate with nipples 15 similar to the preferred formof nipples 15. The nozzles may be assembled by being inserted throughthe openings 48 or if desired special openingsmay be provided to permitpassage of the nozzles therethrough after which the openings would becovered.

In the modification shown in Figs. 7 and 8 the cylinder head 52 may beprovided with cooling water nozzles of such a form that they may beadded to an existing machine if desired without thenecessity forreplacing any of the cylinder head parts. This 1s accomplished bydrilling any number of desired holes 53, one for each nozzle 54. To

'permit the nozzle in its bent and flared form to be inserted, theopening 53 may be enlarged and then closed by a bushing 54 surroundingthe nozzle. Assembly of the bushing and nozzle may be accomplished inany suitable manner so as to insure -a rigid connection therebetween,for example, after the bushing and nozzle are inserted through opening53 they will all be connected to a common pipe 56 extending around thehead 52 and communicating with a suitable inlet pipe 57 for theadmission of the cooling medium.

It is thus seen that I provide in both the preferred and modified formsa relatively simple and yet very effective arrangement for cooling thehottest portion of the cylinder head, and while the preferredarrangement is particularly adapted for relatively easy access to thenozzles, yet the functions of the various parts cooperate so as toprovide a very efiicient construction both in the cost'of manufactureand operation.

While I have shown three forms which my invention may assume, it will ofcourse be understood that various changes and modifications may be madewithout departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in theappended claims.

I claim:

1. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, incombination, a jacketed cylinder, a jacketed cylinder head removablymounted on said cylinder, and means for effecting communication betweensaid jackets including a member secured to said head on the outsidethereof and having a slidable fluid connection with said cylinderjacket.

2. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, incombination, a jacketed cylinder, a jacketed cylinder head provided witha relatively large opening leadin into the jacket space thereof, and acover. or said opening secured to said head and having a passageprojecting within said head jacket for allowing communication from saidcylinder jacket through said opening to said head jacket.

3. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, incombination, a jacketed cylinder, a jacketed cylinder head provided witha relatively large opening leading into the jacket space thereof, acover for' said opening secured to said head and having a passage forallowing communication between sald jackets through said opening, and asubstantially axially extending connecting nipple between the passage ofsaid cover and the cylinder jacket adapted to permit the cover member tobe axially slidably connected thereto.

4. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, incombination, a jacketed cylinder and a jacketed cylinder head, saidcylinder head having in its external wall a relatively large openingcommunicating with the acket space of the head, a member removablysecured to said head for covering said opening and having means forminga passageextending through said opening and terminating freely in saidhead jacket space, and means for connecting said passa e with thecylinder jacket.

.5. cooling system for an internal combustion engine having a jacketedcylinder head, a relatively large opening in the outer wall of saidcylinder head communicating with the jacket space thereof, and a coverfor said opening having a nozzle carried therebv and extending throughsaid opening into said space for directing a flow of cooling medium onto a predetermined portion-of the cylinder head, said nozzle flaring inthe direction of flow therethrough.

6. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, incombination, a jacketed cylinder head, said head having a combustionchamber communicating with the cylinder through a passage of reducedcross sectional area in comparison to that of said combustion chamber,and a nozzle for directing a jet of cooling medium initially on to thewall portion of the head substantially immediately adjacent said reducedpassage.

7 A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, incombination, a jacketed cylinder head, said head having a combustionchamber communicating with the cylinder through a passage of reducedcross sectional area in comparison to that of said combustion chamber,and a nozzle for directing a jet of cooling medium initially on to thewall portion of the head adjacent said reduced passage, said nozzlehaving its discharge edge disposed substantially parallel to the surfaceof a portion of the wall adjacent said red'uced'passage.

8. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, incombination, a

ets of said head and cylinder and for directing fluid flow at arelatively hi h velocity on to a predetermined portion the cylinder headincluding an axially slidable fluid connection between said cylinder andhead.

' ERWIN F. RUEHL.

jacketed cylinder head having a combustion chamber communicating withthe cylinder through a passage of reduced cross sectional area incomparison to that of said combustion chamber, and a nozzle fordirecting a jet of coolin medium initially on to the wall portion 0? thehead adjacent said reduced passage -and below the center line thereof.

9. Acooling system for an internal com bustion engine comprising, incombination, a jacketed cylinder head, said head having a combustionchamber communicating with the cylinder through a passage of reducedcross sectional area in comparison to that of said combustion chamber,and a nozzle for directing a jet the wall portion of the head adjacentsaid reduced passage, said nozzle flaring in the direction of flowtherethrough and terminating relatively close to the wall portion of therestricted passage thereby covering a relatively large area thereof.

10. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, incombination, a jacketed cylinder head, said head having a combustionchamber communicating with the cylinder through a passage of reducedcross sectional area in comparison to that of said combustion chamber,an outlet for the jacket space of said head, and a plurality of nozzlesprojecting into and so disposed within said jacket space so as to directa jet of cooling medium initially onto the wall portion of the headadjacent said reduced passage and outwardly toward said outlet.

119 A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, incombination, a jacketed cylinder, a jacketed cylinder head removablymounted on said cylinder, and means for effecting communicationbetweenthe jackof cooling medium initially on to

